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FULL TITLE OF THE ACT
- An Act to make provision for modifying the office of Lord Chancellor, and to make provision relating to the functions of that office; to establish a Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, and to abolish the appellate jurisdiction of the House of Lords; to make provision about the jurisdiction of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council and the judicial functions of the President of the Council; to make other provision about the judiciary, their appointment and discipline; and for connected purposes.
KEY BENEFITS: - create a new independent judicial appointments commission which will take responsibility for the selection of judges, tribunal members and magistrates in England and Wales; - establish a free-standing Supreme Court which will separate the highest appeal court from the second house of Parliament and remove the Lords of Appeal in Ordinary from the legislature; - reform the office of the Lord Chancellor and provide for the future handling of certain functions and powers which are currently exercised by that office. It will also end the right of the Lord President of the Council to sit judicially.
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CHANGES RESULTING FROM THE ACT
- The House of Lords will now have to create a new speakership position, as the Lord Chancellor will no longer be automatically speaker, most likely to be known as the "Lord Speaker" (or "Lady Speaker"), in keeping with the equivalent Commons title of "Mister/Madam Speaker". The system of deputy Speakers is also expected to be reformed. These decisions will be taken by the House of Lords for itself.
The new Supreme Court will need a new building, separate from the Houses of Parliament where the House of Lords currently sits to exercise its judicial functions. The Act gives time for a suitable building to be found and fitted out before the Law Lords move out of the Palace of Westminster. After a lengthy survey of suitable sites, including Somerset House, it was decided that the location for the new court will be Middlesex Guildhall, in Parliament Square, Westminster, which is currently a Crown court. Lord Foster was chosen to make the necessary alterations. The building is expected to reopen after renovation in 2008.
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